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==Presentation== <!--T:75-->


'''Si vous arrivez ici maintenant, merci de revenir dans quelques jours, j’aurai alors posé plus d’informations pour démarrer.'''
<!--T:76-->
The Dada engine is a dual-mode operation heat engine which moves a working gas in a closed circuit between two cylinders of different volumes, via two heat exchangers selected by passive valves, so as to approach a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brayton_cycle Brayton/Joule cycle]. It can function either as an external heat engine or as a heat pump, refrigerator. The working gas may be inert: helium, nitrogen or air.


== Objectif ==
<!--T:77-->
[[File:Animation cycle recepteur ideal.gif|frame|right|cycle récepteur<br />(pompe à chaleur)]]Développer une machine thermique inversible, qui fait circuler un gaz en circuit fermé entre deux cylindres de volumes différents, à travers deux échangeurs thermiques, afin d’approcher le cycle de Carnot.
{{Webp|Crankcooler|1200}}
La machine de Carnot, si elle n’était pas théorique, serait presque impossible à réaliser du fait que la source chaude et la source froide doivent agir alternativement au même endroit. L’usage de deux cylindres et deux échangeurs thermiques résout ce problème, mais induit des frottements et un volume mort.<br clear=all>


== Cycle idéal ==
<!--T:98-->
=== Cycle moteur ===
It can be regarded as a variant of the closed-cycle [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericsson_cycle Ericsson engine] without a regenerator. Its distinctions lies in the specifically arranged kinematics, and hydraulic architecture. Each cylinder has a dominant role during the cycle, but the other piston may assist during compression or expansion, allowing both swept volumes to contribute to the pressure-changing phases. Passive valves do not separate heat exchangers from the cylinders, compressions and expansions act on the whole system.
{| class="wikitable"
|'''1 Compression adiabatique :''' Le gaz est compressé dans le petit cylindre, sa température augmente.
|[[File:moteur_compression_adiabatique.png|frameless|le grand cylindre est vide]]
|-
|'''2 Détente isotherme :''' Le gaz se détend du petit cylindre vers le grand cylindre en recevant de la chaleur dans le premier échangeur thermique.
|[[File:moteur_detente_isotherme.png|frameless|le petit cylindre se vide entièrement pendant que le grand cylindre se remplit en partie]]
|-
|'''3 Détente adiabatique :''' Le gaz continue de se détendre dans le grand cylindre, sa température diminue.
|[[File:moteur_detente_adiabatique.png|frameless|le petit cylindre reste vide]]
|-
|'''4 Compression isotherme :''' Le gaz est compressé du grand cylindre vers le petit, de la chaleur est extraite dans le deuxième échangeur thermique.
|[[File:moteur_compression_isotherme.png|frameless|le grand cylindre se vide entièrement pendant que le petit se remplit entièrement]]
|}
----
=== Cycle récepteur
{| class="wikitable"
|'''1 Détente adiabatique :''' Le gaz est détendu dans le petit cylindre, sa température diminue.
|[[File:recept_detente_adiabatique.png|frameless|le grand cylindre reste vide]]
|-
|'''2 Détente isotherme :''' Le gaz  se détend du petit cylindre vers le grand cylindre en captant de la chaleur dans le premier échangeur thermique.
|[[File:recept_detente_isoterme.png|frameless|le petit cylindre se vide totalement, alors que le grand se remplit en entier]]
|-
|'''3 Compression adiabatique :''' Le gaz est compressé dans le grand cylindre, sa température augmente.
|[[File:recept_compression_adiabatique.png|frameless|le petit cylindre reste vide]]
|-
|'''4 Compression isotherme :''' Le gaz est compressé du grand cylindre vers le petit, en relâchant de la chaleur dans le deuxième échangeur thermique.
|[[File:recept_compression_isotherme.png|frameless|le grand cylindre se vide entièrement pendant que le petit se remplit en partie]]
|}
== Thermodynamique ==
=== Températures de fonctionnement ===
Les [[températures extrêmes]] atteintes par le gaz dépendent de la nature du gaz, de sa pression initiale, et de la course des pistons lors des phases adiabatiques. Une machine permettant de modifier ce dernier paramètre permettrait de travailler avec des températures variables.
=== Transferts de chaleur ===
La réalisation de phases isothermes dans le cycle idéal nécessite l’adéquation entre :
* la nature du gaz, sa pression initiale,
* les caractéristiques des échangeurs thermiques, la différence entre les températures des sources chaude et froide et les températures extrêmes du gaz,
* le rapport des volumes des deux cylindres.


== Mécanique ==
<!--T:99-->
Les possibilités techniques pour animer les pistons sont nombreuses, en particulier pour le cycle récepteur, solénoïdes, arbre à cames, vérins … mais un simple mécanisme [[4 barres]] semble prometteur pour la réalisation d’une pompe à chaleur ''low tech'' efficace :[[File:Animation recepteur 4 barres.gif|center|Pompe à chaleur animée par deux mécanismes 4 barres symétriques]]
During its cycle, the engine undergoes a compression and an expansion, interspersed with phases of heat exchange that are ideally isobaric. The valves determine the direction of flow through the heat exchangers. Between the end of compression and the start of expansion, all of the gas passes through the hot heat exchanger. During expansion and until the start of compression, all of the gas passes through the cold heat exchanger.
== C’est libre ? ==
Totalement ! La description de cette invention est publiée ici sous license [https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.fr Creative Commons Zero], cependant je ne peux vous garantir que tout ou partie de cette machine ne soit pas actuellement protégé par un brevet.


J’espère profondément que cette idée participe à la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, et je suis convaincu que de la rendre libre est la meilleure chose à faire pour faciliter son développement et sa diffusion rapide.
<!--T:78-->
== Vous pouvez aider ! ==
On a slightly similar principle, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine Stirling engine], which has been in existence for two centuries, carries out heat transfer within the cylinders; the idea here is to transfer heat as the gas passes from one cylinder to another.
En apportant au wiki vos idées, vos connaissances, des traductions, des corrections ; et aussi des liens vers vos réalisations au cas où vous ne souhaiteriez pas contribuer sous license CC0. Il suffit de s’inscrire, et éditer.


Vous pouvez aussi [https://www.papayoux-solidarite.com/fr/collecte/machine-thermique-libre faire un don].
<!--T:79-->
Heat exchangers are a key component of this machine, they must provide maximum heat transfer surface area relative to internal volume, while minimising pressure drops. Although only microtubes have been studied so far, microchannel heat exchangers are a promising avenue to explore, particularly if they can act as a valve by adopting a Tesla valve profile.
 
<!--T:100-->
The cylinders and pistons are made from a material with low thermal conductivity. The piston kinematics can be done using various methods, achieving maximum efficiency requires a complex motion which can be accurately approximated using a 6-bar linkage, while a simple crank-connecting rod system will allow operation at reduced efficiency. For refrigeration applications, numerous mechanisms are possible, such as cams, actuators, solenoids, liquid pistons, etc.
 
<!--T:80-->
There still exist no prototype of the Dada engine. A comprehensive [[Thermodynamic_and_Mechanical_Study|thermodynamic and mechanical study]] has been carried out, which served as the basis for the design of a [[Dada_Engine_Solver|0D simulator]]. This is a free open-source project, any help is welcome.
 
==Motor cycle== <!--T:81-->
 
<!--T:82-->
{{Webp|Motor cycle|640}}
 
<!--T:83-->
===Phase I — low-pressure heat exchange, ideally isobaric===
Almost all of the gas is transferred from the large cylinder to the small cylinder via the cold heat exchanger, heat is extracted from gas, causing its volume and temperature to decrease.
 
<!--T:84-->
===Phase II — Compression, ideally adiabatic===
The large cylinder closes completely, the small cylinder compresses the gas, causing its volume to decrease while its pressure and temperature increase.
 
<!--T:85-->
===Phase III — High-pressure heat exchange, ideally isobaric===
All of the gas is transferred from the small cylinder to the large cylinder via the hot heat exchanger, it absorbs heat, causing its volume and temperature to increase.
 
<!--T:86-->
===Phase IV — Expansion, ideally adiabatic===
The large cylinder opens fully, the small cylinder participates in the expansion and opens slightly, the volume of the gas increases, while the pressure and temperature decrease.
 
==Receiver cycle (heat pump, refrigerator)== <!--T:87-->
 
<!--T:88-->
{{Webp|Receiver cycle|640}}
 
<!--T:89-->
===Phase I — Compression, ideally adiabatic===
The small cylinder closes completely, the large cylinder closes partially, the volume decreases, while the pressure and temperature increase.
 
<!--T:90-->
===Phase II — High-pressure heat exchange, ideally isobaric===
All the gas is transferred from the large cylinder to the small cylinder via the hot heat exchanger, the gas releases heat there, its volume and temperature decrease.
 
<!--T:91-->
===Phase III — Expansion, ideally adiabatic===
The small cylinder opens fully, the large cylinder participates in the expansion and opens slightly, the volume of the gas increases, while pressure and temperature decrease.
 
<!--T:92-->
===Phase IV — low-pressure heat exchange, ideally isobaric===
Almost all of the gas is transferred from the small cylinder to the large cylinder via the cold heat exchanger, the gas absorbs heat there, and its volume and temperature increase.
 
==Way to a real machine== <!--T:93-->
 
<!--T:94-->
In Dada engine, the heat exchangers remain active throughout the cycle, compression and expansion cannot be perfectly adiabatic. In order to minimise irreversibilities, these phases must be brief in relation to the thermal time constants, dead volumes and internal volumes of the heat exchangers will be kept to a minimum.
 
<!--T:95-->
Heat transfer through the heat exchangers results in pressure drops, a perfect isobaric process is unachievable. To minimise these losses, the duration of the heat transfer is extended to limit the flow rate, and the heat exchangers must offer as little resistance as possible to the passage of the gas.
 
<!--T:96-->
A comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of the cycle was carried out using extensive AI. I learnt a great deal while writing this, and although I believe this work to be rigorous, it requires an expert review: [[Thermodynamic_and_Mechanical_Study]].
 
<!--T:97-->
Based on the equations established in this study, a 0D simulator was developed in Python (entirely by AI, including documentation) in order to determine the optimal dimensions and parameters of this machine in various configurations: [[Dada_Engine_Solver]]. I used it to size a [[Pedal_Cooling_Cell|cooling cell]] using air as working gas, powered by a pedal mechanism. I hope to size an air small demonstrator engine in the coming weeks, followed by a heat pump and a motor using helium as working gas.
 
== Is it free? == <!--T:66-->
 
<!--T:67-->
Totally! The description of this invention is published here under [https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en Creative Commons Zero] license, however I cannot guarantee that all or part of this machine is not currently protected by a patent.
 
<!--T:68-->
I sincerely hope that this idea will help reduce greenhouse gases emissions, and I'm convinced that making it free is the best thing I can do to facilitate its development and rapid spread.
 
== You can help! == <!--T:69-->
 
<!--T:70-->
By contributing with your ideas, knowledge, translations, corrections to the wiki; and also links to your work in case you don't want to contribute under the CC0 license.
 
<!--T:72-->
Just register and edit.
 
<!--T:71-->
You can also make a donation.
</translate>

Latest revision as of 11:40, 13 October 2026

Other languages:

Presentation

The Dada engine is a dual-mode operation heat engine which moves a working gas in a closed circuit between two cylinders of different volumes, via two heat exchangers selected by passive valves, so as to approach a Brayton/Joule cycle. It can function either as an external heat engine or as a heat pump, refrigerator. The working gas may be inert: helium, nitrogen or air.

It can be regarded as a variant of the closed-cycle Ericsson engine without a regenerator. Its distinctions lies in the specifically arranged kinematics, and hydraulic architecture. Each cylinder has a dominant role during the cycle, but the other piston may assist during compression or expansion, allowing both swept volumes to contribute to the pressure-changing phases. Passive valves do not separate heat exchangers from the cylinders, compressions and expansions act on the whole system.

During its cycle, the engine undergoes a compression and an expansion, interspersed with phases of heat exchange that are ideally isobaric. The valves determine the direction of flow through the heat exchangers. Between the end of compression and the start of expansion, all of the gas passes through the hot heat exchanger. During expansion and until the start of compression, all of the gas passes through the cold heat exchanger.

On a slightly similar principle, the Stirling engine, which has been in existence for two centuries, carries out heat transfer within the cylinders; the idea here is to transfer heat as the gas passes from one cylinder to another.

Heat exchangers are a key component of this machine, they must provide maximum heat transfer surface area relative to internal volume, while minimising pressure drops. Although only microtubes have been studied so far, microchannel heat exchangers are a promising avenue to explore, particularly if they can act as a valve by adopting a Tesla valve profile.

The cylinders and pistons are made from a material with low thermal conductivity. The piston kinematics can be done using various methods, achieving maximum efficiency requires a complex motion which can be accurately approximated using a 6-bar linkage, while a simple crank-connecting rod system will allow operation at reduced efficiency. For refrigeration applications, numerous mechanisms are possible, such as cams, actuators, solenoids, liquid pistons, etc.

There still exist no prototype of the Dada engine. A comprehensive thermodynamic and mechanical study has been carried out, which served as the basis for the design of a 0D simulator. This is a free open-source project, any help is welcome.

Motor cycle

Phase I — low-pressure heat exchange, ideally isobaric

Almost all of the gas is transferred from the large cylinder to the small cylinder via the cold heat exchanger, heat is extracted from gas, causing its volume and temperature to decrease.

Phase II — Compression, ideally adiabatic

The large cylinder closes completely, the small cylinder compresses the gas, causing its volume to decrease while its pressure and temperature increase.

Phase III — High-pressure heat exchange, ideally isobaric

All of the gas is transferred from the small cylinder to the large cylinder via the hot heat exchanger, it absorbs heat, causing its volume and temperature to increase.

Phase IV — Expansion, ideally adiabatic

The large cylinder opens fully, the small cylinder participates in the expansion and opens slightly, the volume of the gas increases, while the pressure and temperature decrease.

Receiver cycle (heat pump, refrigerator)

Phase I — Compression, ideally adiabatic

The small cylinder closes completely, the large cylinder closes partially, the volume decreases, while the pressure and temperature increase.

Phase II — High-pressure heat exchange, ideally isobaric

All the gas is transferred from the large cylinder to the small cylinder via the hot heat exchanger, the gas releases heat there, its volume and temperature decrease.

Phase III — Expansion, ideally adiabatic

The small cylinder opens fully, the large cylinder participates in the expansion and opens slightly, the volume of the gas increases, while pressure and temperature decrease.

Phase IV — low-pressure heat exchange, ideally isobaric

Almost all of the gas is transferred from the small cylinder to the large cylinder via the cold heat exchanger, the gas absorbs heat there, and its volume and temperature increase.

Way to a real machine

In Dada engine, the heat exchangers remain active throughout the cycle, compression and expansion cannot be perfectly adiabatic. In order to minimise irreversibilities, these phases must be brief in relation to the thermal time constants, dead volumes and internal volumes of the heat exchangers will be kept to a minimum.

Heat transfer through the heat exchangers results in pressure drops, a perfect isobaric process is unachievable. To minimise these losses, the duration of the heat transfer is extended to limit the flow rate, and the heat exchangers must offer as little resistance as possible to the passage of the gas.

A comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of the cycle was carried out using extensive AI. I learnt a great deal while writing this, and although I believe this work to be rigorous, it requires an expert review: Thermodynamic_and_Mechanical_Study.

Based on the equations established in this study, a 0D simulator was developed in Python (entirely by AI, including documentation) in order to determine the optimal dimensions and parameters of this machine in various configurations: Dada_Engine_Solver. I used it to size a cooling cell using air as working gas, powered by a pedal mechanism. I hope to size an air small demonstrator engine in the coming weeks, followed by a heat pump and a motor using helium as working gas.

Is it free?

Totally! The description of this invention is published here under Creative Commons Zero license, however I cannot guarantee that all or part of this machine is not currently protected by a patent.

I sincerely hope that this idea will help reduce greenhouse gases emissions, and I'm convinced that making it free is the best thing I can do to facilitate its development and rapid spread.

You can help!

By contributing with your ideas, knowledge, translations, corrections to the wiki; and also links to your work in case you don't want to contribute under the CC0 license.

Just register and edit.

You can also make a donation.

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